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Dreamliner Fire: Investigation Widened

Written By Unknown on Senin, 21 Januari 2013 | 23.33

Boeing 787 Dreamliner Timeline

Updated: 1:50am UK, Saturday 19 January 2013

The turbulent history of the Boeing 787 Dreamliner:

Jan 19, 2013: Boeing says it is stopping deliveries of the Dreamliner to airlines.

Jan 18, 2013: US Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) officials arrive in Japan to examine a 787 and its melted battery pack after an All Nippon Air (ANA) emergency landing two days earlier

Jan 17, 2013: The European Aviation Safety Agency,  FAA and Qatar Airways ground Dreamliners under their regulatory control

Jan 16, 2013: Japan Air Lines Co Ltd (JAL) follows suit and suspends Dreamliner flights from Japan over safety concerns

Jan 16, 2013: ANA grounds all 17 of its 787s after four of its aircraft suffer problems

Jan 16, 2013: ANA 787 Dreamliner makes emergency landing in Takamatsu, Japan, after smoke appears in cabin

Jan 11, 2013: The Federal Aviation Authority announces a review of the 787 design and systems

Jan 11, 2013: ANA discovers engine oil leak after a domestic flight lands at Miyazaki

Jan 11, 2013: A separate ANA flight to Matsuyama reported a crack appearing in the pilot's window

Jan 9, 2013: ANA cancels a Boeing 787 Dreamliner flight due to a brake problem

Jan 8, 2013: Japan Air Lines (JAL) grounds a jet at Boston Logan International Airport after a 787 leaks 150 litres of fuel

Jan 7, 2013: A fire erupts in a battery pack in another JAL Dreamliner at Boston

Dec 13, 2012: Qatar Airways grounds one of its Dreamliners because of a faulty generator

Dec 5, 2012: The FAA orders inspections of all 787 Dreamliners in service in the US

Dec 4, 2012: A United Airlines 787 is forced to make an emergency landing in New Orleans after a generator fails

July 23, 2012: ANA grounds five Dreamliners due to an engine component issue

Feb 22, 2012: Boeing says around 55 Dreamliners may be affected by a flaw in the fuselage

Oct 26, 2011: The Dreamliner makes its maiden flight with paying passengers on board an ANA jet

Sep 26, 2011: Boeing delivers its first 787 Dreamliner to Japan's ANA, three years late

Jun 23, 2010: Boeing postpones the first flight of the Dreamliner because of a structural flaw

Dec 15, 2009: The passenger jet 787 Dreamliner takes off on its maiden test flight

Apr 9, 2008: Boeing says there will be a revised plan for the first 787 flight and initial deliveries

Dec 11, 2008: Boeing announces further delays due to strike action by machinists Sept-Nov

Oct 19, 2007: Boeing says there will be a six-month delay to deliveries due to assembly issues

Jul 8, 2007: The first assembled 787 goes on display to media, employees and customers

Jul 18, 2006: Boeing says it is making "solid progress" on the 787 Dreamliner programme

Jan 28, 2005: Boeing gives its new commercial airplane an official model designation number - 787

Jan 29, 2003: Boeing announces the launch of a new aircraft called the 7E7


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China And US Enter New Territory Over Economy

Barack Obama officially begins his second term as US president but the legacy of his next four years may already have been written.

If predictions are correct, President Obama is set to preside over the end of an empire as America is eclipsed by China as the world's economic superpower.

The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) has predicted that China will become the world's largest economy by 2016 - a milestone which will have profound global geopolitical implications. 

The fundamental shift explains why the direction of the US/Chinese relationship is more important than any other over the coming few years.

Document of meeting with Henry Kissinger and Chinese Premiere Zhou Enlai in 1971 A document of the meeting between Mr Kissinger and Zhou Enlai in 1971

In a recent interview with Time magazine, President Obama put the relationship and the broader Asia-Pacific region at the top of his agenda.

"We are helping to shape and frame what the Asia-Pacific region will look like. That's critically important because that's where the growth and population and increasing centre of gravity is going to be.

"China is going to continue to rise and we should hope for China's success. A stable China that over time is transitioning to a more open, democratic society would be really good for us economically and politically."

The US became the world's most powerful country economically more than 100 years ago, since then that clout has allowed Washington to establish itself as the world's leader.

America has, to the benefit of some and the detriment of others, acted for decades as the world's policeman.

It has the world's pre-eminent military force and the most advanced monetary system. The US dollar is the only genuinely global currency.

Former US Secretary of State Kissinger delivers a speech in Beijing in 2007 Former US secretary of state Henry Kissinger in Beijing, in 2007

It is no coincidence that organisations like the International Monetary Fund and the United Nations should be based in America.

All that has been possible because of America's position as the largest economy on earth and victory in the Second World War.

But China's meteoric rise over the past few decades could change everything.

If the OECD is right, then the economic sun will set for America in the second half of 2016 - three years into Mr Obama's second term.

America will no longer be able to boast about being number one, a fact that is bound to play as a pivotal moment in the psyche not just of Americans but of those who will be taking the baton - the 1.3 billion people of China. 

As the economic leader, will China take on the responsibility as the global policeman? Will an ever increasing Chinese clout shape world events? Will the West increasingly bow or succumb to Chinese demands because their economies are so entwined in China's?

A masked worker in a lab coat sorting silicon wafers Vertical disaggregation of US silicon foundries helped China's hi-tech base

The irony of course is this - China is still an authoritarian one-party state and with no elections, the Communist Party has ruled over this vast land since 1949.

At the risk of wildly over-simplifying the Party's success strategy, it is their obsession with control and censorship coupled with cautious yet broad economic reforms that have placed China where it is now.

Since the reforms of the 1990s, the rule-of-thumb for China's population has been this - if you can do what you want as long as you don't question the Communist Party's legitimacy and as long as you accept that the Party allegiances will be advantageous (or even essential) in every facet of life.

And so an undemocratic nation controlled by a Communist government whose members make up just 6% of the population is set to become the most powerful nation on earth.

For America this prompts a decision - confrontation or cooperation. 

There are some within American politics who believe China's rise should be countered with an effort to encourage an internal struggle to remove the Communist Party.

There are others who believe we should allow history should judge which political system – democracy or autocracy – is correct.

Henry Kissinger was the US National Security Advisor in the 1970s when Washington first established ties with the Communist government in Beijing.

China launches first-ever aircraft carrier China focused on a local 'brown water navy' but now has its first carrier

In July 1971, he held top secret meetings in Beijing with then Chinese Premiere Zhou Enlai which eventually lead to the historic bilateral talks between President Nixon and Chairman Mao.

Secret documents, released from the vaults after 30 years, reveal the cautious diplomacy which is being repeated almost word-for-word today.

"We realise, of course, that there are deep ideological differences between us," Mr Kissinger is quoted as saying to Premiere Zhou at the secret meeting in the then US embassy in Beijing.

"You are dedicated to the belief that your concepts will prevail. We have our own convictions about our future.

"The essential question for our relations is whether both countries are willing to let history judge who is correct, while in the interval we cooperate on matters of mutual concern on a basis of mutual respect and equality for the benefit of mankind."

Some might say that history has now judged the political victor, though that could be argued either way - those who think Communism is a failure will point the wholesale collapse of the Soviet Union.

But the men who run the Communist Party in China will say the opposite as under their leadership, China is set to become the world's most powerful nation.

Mr Kissinger is now 89 but still actively commenting on the relationship he was central in forming.

Last March he said: "The inevitable tendency to impinge on each other should not be equated with a conscious drive to contain or dominate, so long as both can maintain the distinction and calibrate their actions accordingly.

"China and the United States will not necessarily transcend the ordinary operation of great-power rivalry. But they owe it to themselves, and the world, to make an effort to do so."


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Exclusive: Oligarch Swoops For Vodka Giant

By Mark Kleinman, City Editor

A fund backed by one of the Russian businessmen who netted billions of dollars from the sale of a joint venture with BP is in talks to buy the biggest spirits producer in Central and Eastern Europe.

I have learnt that Pamplona Capital Management is close to a 700m euro (£587m) takeover of Stock Spirits Group, which owns some of the most popular vodka and other spirits brands in the world.

Pamplona is backed by Alfa Group, a company headed by Mikhail Fridman and one of the members of the AAR alliance which last year agreed to end its conflict-plagued joint venture with BP in Russia by selling out to Rosneft, the Kremlin-controlled energy giant. The deal netted Mr Fridman and his partners at least $7bn each, cementing their status among the world's wealthiest individuals.

People close to the talks said Pamplona had secured a period of exclusivity to finalise a deal with Oaktree, and that an agreement could be reached within weeks.

Goldman Sachs, the Wall Street bank, is among the lenders understood to be financing the deal for Pamplona, with a number of other banks lining up for a role.

Stock, which is based in Britain, has been owned by Oaktree Capital Management, another investment firm, since 2007.

The company traces its roots back to the Austro-Hungarian empire of the late nineteenth century, and now claims to be the biggest spirits producer by volume in the Czech Republic and Poland. It is also a major player in markets such as Croatia, Italy, Slovakia and Slovenia.

Among its major brands are Stock 84 brandy, Fernet Stock bitter as well as vodkas such as Wodka Zoladkowa and Orzel. Some of the products are distributed in the UK through big supermarkets although Britain accounts for a tiny proportion of the company's sales.

Stock is chaired by Jack Keenan, a former executive at Diageo, and run by Chris Heath, the former chief financial officer of Gondola Holdings, the parent company of restaurant chains including Pizza Express, ASK and Zizzi.

People close to the situation said it was likely that Stock's management team would continue to run the business under Pamplona's ownership if the takeover is completed.

The talks with Pamplona represent at least the second attempt by Oaktree to sell Stock. In 2011, it examined a stock market listing of the company, following which Diageo expressed an interest in buying it.

Those talks came to nothing, although it is conceivable that Diageo or another of the major spirits producers will return in future with an offer to buy Stock as they attempt to broaden their exposure to major spirits markets in the region.

Pamplona invests funds across Europe and has tried to buy a string of assets in the UK, including an aborted attempt to acquire the snacks arm of United Biscuits late last year.

It owns Oakwood Global Finance, which comprises two portfolios of residential mortgages, and KCA Deutag, a provider of drilling and engineering services to the oil and gas industry.

Oaktree and Pamplona both declined to comment on Monday.


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Corporation Tax Bill Shrinks At Top Companies

Tax Office Moves To Wind-Up Late Pay Firms

Updated: 11:33am UK, Monday 21 January 2013

HM Revenue and Customs' attempts to shut down companies which are late to pay tax have jumped by 57% in a year, according to a new survey.

Business advisory firm Wilkins Kennedy said HMRC presented 5,302 petitions to wind up companies in the year ending March 31 last year, compared to 3,367 in the previous period.

As a result the Tax Office is adopting a tougher stance to late-paying business, the survey suggests.

After firms enter "compulsory liquidation" following a winding up order, a liquidator can be appointed to sell off assets to generate cash to pay creditors.

HMRC can use the wind-up orders to reclaim debts from businesses that cannot pay their tax.

According to the research, HMRC has toughened its approach to struggling businesses compared to recent years.

Anthony Cork, partner at Wilkins Kennedy, said: "When businesses run into trouble, often one of the first things they do is try to delay tax payments to help manage their cash flow - this puts businesses on a collision course with HMRC.

"HMRC does not like being used as a 'lender of first resort', and is keen to dispel the image that it is a soft touch or that the unauthorised late payment of taxes is an acceptable way for a business to resolve cash flow problems."

Government pressure on the Tax Office has increased in recent years as receipts have fallen post-global financial crisis, with further reduction from the collapse in interest rates - with the base rate now sitting at an historic low.

Fraud prosecution capability into tax evasion - estimated at £14bn by HMRC - has also increased following the merger of the Crown Prosecution Service (CPS) with the Revenue and Customs Protection Office.

In a speech due to be given on Tuesday evening, director of public prosecutions Keir Starmer is expected to say: "Working together, HMRC and the CPS have now demonstrated that it is possible successfully to prosecute not only individuals, groups and organised criminals who evade tax or excise duty, but also those who set up sophisticated but dishonest tax avoidance schemes.

Meanwhile, Wilkins Kennedy said that the jump in winding up petitions coincides with HMRC's continued tightening of access to the 'Time to Pay' business scheme that was expanded during the recession.

Late last year electricals chain Comet went into administration owing an estimated £26m in unpaid VAT and payroll taxes.

HMRC winding-up petitions have also been placed on several sporting entities in recent years, including Chester City and Rangers.

Mr Cork added: "Businesses need to be very careful about getting on the wrong side of HMRC - these figures show HMRC has become increasingly unwilling to compromise in its pursuit of missing taxes."

But the Tax Office told Sky News that action is only taken after significant consideration is taken into each firm's circumstances.

"HMRC's aim is not to wind up companies or make individuals bankrupt, but to collect, as efficiently as we can, the debts that are due," an HMRC spokesman said.

"HMRC only initiates winding up or bankruptcy action where it believes this is the best course of action to protect the interests of the Exchequer in respect of a particular debt. We do not take such action lightly.

"Anyone who is struggling to pay an HMRC debt should call us. HMRC has an outstanding track record in supporting those who are experiencing genuine difficulty paying their debts, and this approach will continue."


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Cameron To Make Europe Speech On Wednesday

David Cameron will make his delayed speech outlining his vision for the UK's future in Europe on Wednesday morning.

Mr Cameron cancelled the much-anticipated speech last week because of the Algeria hostage crisis. He had been due to speak in Amsterdam.

"Wednesday morning in London fits best with the Prime Minister's schedule," a No10 spokesman said.

In the speech, Mr Cameron is expected to spell out plans to renegotiate Britain's membership of the European Union and promise a referendum on any deal he can strike.

Extracts from a speech that Mr Cameron was planning to make show that the Prime Minister intended to make clear that he wants the UK to play a "committed and active" part in the EU in the future.

Ed Miliband at CBI conference Ed Miliband says the PM is taking the UK "to the edge of an economic cliff"

But he was also planning to warn that, if changes are not made to address the three key challenges of eurozone crisis, economic competitiveness and dramatically declining public support, "the danger is that Europe will fail and the British people will drift towards the exit".

Mr Cameron has won the backing of London mayor Boris Johnson, who said: "We ... want to complete the single market - which everyone supports - and we want to get rid of some of the barnacles that have become attached to the hull."

He has also earned support from former defence secretary Liam Fox - seen as a key eurosceptic - who declared himself "broadly satisfied" with extracts of the speech he had seen.

But Labour leader Ed Miliband warned that the PM was about to take Britain "to the edge of an economic cliff" by creating uncertainty for business, while Vince Cable warned him not to take a "dangerous gamble" with the national interest.

The Business Secretary said there was a risk that Mr Cameron could end up taking Britain out of the EU "by accident".

Eurosceptics in the City, as well as Tory backbenchers, including former Cabinet ministers, have called on Mr Cameron to offer Britain "a clear choice" over its membership of the European Union.

There was a rare intervention on the issue from the US, when assistant secretary for European affairs Philip Gordon made it clear that the White House wanted "a strong British voice" in the EU and said referendums risked turning countries "inward".


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Kim Dotcom: Mega File Site Signs Up 500,000

Half a million users have already signed up to new file-sharing service Mega, its controversial founder Kim Dotcom has claimed.

The larger-than-life cyber pioneer - and founder of the now defunct Megaupload - launched the new site on Sunday at his New Zealand mansion.

Mr Dotcom said 500,000 users registered for the site in its first 14 hours, with some reports claiming that figure has now passed one million.

The new Dotcom site allegedly uses military-strength encryption and the former computer hacker insists the new 'cyberlocker' will operate legally and is not an affront to the film industry or the US government.

However the global music industry has slammed the move, with the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry (IFPI) telling Sky News it would closely monitor the new cloud storage service.

Kim Dotcom at Mega launch event Mega's launch event poked fun at last year's raid on Mr Dotcom's home

"We will be watching closely to determine whether the new Mega service infringes our members' rights, particularly given that, according to our information, it has gone live without licensing content from many - if any - rights holders," a spokesman for IFPI told Sky.

"Megupload caused huge harm to music rights holders as one of the largest infringing sites in the world, depriving artists of over US$500 million, according to US authorities."

In January 2012, Mr Dotcom and three colleagues were arrested in a dawn raid at the sprawling multi-million dollar mansion he shares with his wife and five children in Coatesville, New Zealand.

Known as Operation Takedown, the swoop involved 76 armed police, special agents and helicopters.

The German-born internet tycoon was subsequently charged with online piracy after film producers in the US claimed Megaupload was being used to illegally share copyrighted material.

Mr Dotcom is currently fighting extradition to the US, a process that has been held up since New Zealand authorities declared the warrants used for the arrest were invalid.

Megasite There is some scepticism over claims the new site will be completely lawful

He insists the new site complies with the law and he also warned that any attempt by the authorities to take it down would be futile.

"This is not some kind of finger to the US government or to Hollywood," Mr Dotcom said. "Legally, there's just nothing there that could be used to shut us down.

"This site is just as legitimate as Dropbox, Boxnet and other competitors," he added, referring to similar file sharing services.

Mr Dotcom also said the new site was different as it allows users to control access to their files, unlike Megaupload, where anyone could search for and download copyrighted material.

He claims the encryption system will also keep users' files safe from prying eyes and strip the site from liability of knowingly allowing users to distribute copyrighted films.

Kim Dotcom Dotcom's sprawling $24m mansion in New Zealand raided by police in 2012

Mr Dotcom added that he will swiftly comply with requests to remove infringing material.

The launch party for the site featured a tongue-in-cheek re-enactment of the 2012 raid on his home, featuring 'police' abseiling down the side of his mansion and female guards in mini-skirts.

But some legal experts say it may be difficult for the site to claim it is being operated in good faith if Mr Dotcom does not even know what files are being stored on his servers.

The Motion Picture Association of America said encrypting files alone would not protect Mr Dotcom from liability.

"We'll reserve final judgment until we have a chance to analyse the new project," a spokesman said. "But given Kim Dotcom's history, count us as sceptical."

The IFPI spokesman told Sky News: "Our members are focused on licensing music to the hundreds of legitimate music offerings around the world.  New and existing licensed services are rapidly expanding, offering downloads, streaming, music video and other ways to consumer music while rewarding creators.

"When Megaupload closed, piracy rates fell and many consumers went to legitimate services which offer all the music they want while respecting the rights of artists."


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Game Over? Atari Files For Bankruptcy

Atari has filed for bankruptcy in the US and is planning to sell off its logo and videogame titles.

The 30-year-old firm was one of the original gaming pioneers, producing classic titles such as Pong, Asteroids and Centipede.

However Atari is likely to live on, as the move is designed to sever ties with its troubled French parent company and secure independent funding to develop more games for digital and mobile platforms.

Atari SA, formerly Infogrames, is reported to have problems with its credit facility which is thought to be holding back the release of new games.

Space Invaders on Atari console Space Invaders played on a vintage Atari games console

The parent company, which completed its takeover of Atari in 2008, has seen its share price drop 50% over the past year.

The US Atari operation, which is thought to only employ about 40 people, is looking to get approval for $5.25m (£3.3m) of funding and to continue business during the bankruptcy.

In a statement, Atari confirmed it would "effectuate a sale of all, or substantially all, of (its) assets" including "one of the most widely recognised brand logos, which is familiar to 90% of Americans".

"The Chapter 11 process constitutes the most strategic option for Atari's US operations," it added.

In recent years, the company has moved away from traditional retail sales to making mobile and digital versions of its classic games, and licensing its logo.

Releases for iOS and Android platforms have included Atari Greatest Hits and Asteroids Gunner.

The company began life in 1972 and produced some of the earliest games consoles, including the Atari 2600.


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ITEM Club: Govt Is 'Muddling Through' Economy

The coalition Government lacks imagination on how to boost growth and stimulate the economy, according to forecasters at the Ernst & Young ITEM Club.

Its latest report found that the UK economy is muddling through on the Government's 'Plan A', with sluggish growth predicted for the next two years unless the Treasury and the Bank of England adopt a more innovative approach to fiscal and monetary policy.

The ITEM Club's Winter Forecast expects UK GDP growth of just 0.9% this year before staging a slow revival to 1.9% in 2014 and 2.5% in 2015.

As a result, it calls for a fresh approach - or Britain risks falling behind countries such as the United States.

Chief economic advisor to the Ernst & Young ITEM Club, Peter Spencer, said: "Innovative policies from the Federal Reserve have helped to put the US economy in a stronger position to withstand tax increases and spending cuts.

"A fresh approach to monetary and fiscal policy in the UK could help open the door to long-term sustainable growth."

He added: "We are hopeful that the Treasury will see the arrival of a new Governor of the Bank of England as an opportunity to review the remit that it gives the MPC." 

The club said the UK's short-term growth will be driven by improving prospects for the consumer, with falling inflation and rising employment levels boosting disposable incomes and helping to revive the high street.

The Ernst & Young ITEM Club added that the package of infrastructure spending announced in the UK Autumn Statement had the potential to be a real game changer, but warned that the £5bn investment didn't go far enough and that as a result it was a missed opportunity. 

It also called for improvements for the UK housing market, as it has the potential to provide a significant boost to the UK economy.

In the 1930s, low interest rates stimulated a boom in house building, which created jobs and boosted related sectors such as construction and retail.

It expects housing transactions to increase to over one million next year, with house prices set to follow, rising 2.1% in 2014 and 5% in 2015.

However, providing the Eurozone remains intact and corporate confidence continues to improve, it expects companies to loosen their purse strings gradually, with business investment forecast to increase by 3.1% this year and 8.1% in 2014.


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Cost Of Retail Crime Reaches £1.6bn

The overall cost of crime has soared by 15.6% in a year, according to the British Retail Consortium.

It now stands at a staggering £1.6bn, with customer thefts representing 83% of all incidents.

The number of incidents has also risen in the majority of offences, with the exception of robbery, which has remained stable.

However, violence against staff has reduced by 55%, when compared to the previous year.

Customer theft continues to be the most prevalent when looking at the number of incidents, however so called e-crime now equates to the most costly type of crime affecting the sector. 

The BRC said retailers continue to invest significantly to protect their businesses, staff and customers against crime and anti-social behaviour.

Expenditure on crime and loss prevention had risen by 7.1% when compared with the previous year with a median expenditure of £750,000 per retailer. 

Meanwhile, Britain's battered retail sector saw a fall in the number of shoppers last month despite a last-minute surge in the week before Christmas, figures have revealed.

Shopping The number of shoppers were down in December

Shopper numbers dropped by 1.2% across the UK compared with December 2011 as consumers continued to rein in their spending, according to the latest BRC's Springboard footfall monitor.

The fall came in spite of a 7.5% leap in the number of shoppers hitting stores in the week before Christmas, with bargain-hunters leaving their festive shopping until even later to take advantage of discounts.

But the increasing popularity of so-called click-and-collect services helped the high street weather tough trading conditions.

Helen Dickinson, director general of the BRC, said that while the footfall figures made for painful reading retailers were helped as shoppers spent more per visit.

BRC sales data for December showed like-for-like sales edging up 0.3% in December, boosted also by an 18% jump in internet orders.

However, last Friday's official sales figures from the Office for National Statistics were far less cheery, showing a worse-than-expected 0.1% drop in volumes month-on-month in December.

The raft of high profile retail administrations has added to fears over the sector, with camera chain Jessops, entertainment group HMV and movie and game rental group Blockbuster having collapsed since the start of the year.


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HMV Gift Vouchers To Be Accepted After U-Turn

HMV's administrators have bowed to public pressure and said they will accept gift cards at the collapsed music chain.

Despite HMV continuing to sell gift cards until the day before the music chain went into administration, Deloitte stopped accepting them once appointed to the business last week.

But after a storm of protest from consumers, the administrators have now said gift cards and vouchers will be redeemed in stores from Tuesday.

Earlier, Sky's City Editor Mark Kleinman revealed the existence of a restructure deal which would allow HMV gift cards to be honoured.

Administrator Nick Edwards said the decision had been made after assessing HMV's financial position.

He also said proceeds of charity releases, including the Hillsborough Justice Collective single, would be paid in full as soon as possible.

He added: "We recognise that both of these matters have caused concern for individuals and organisations affected and we are pleased to have reached a positive outcome."

Mr Edwards said Deloitte was still assessing the longer term options for the business and was hopeful the process would result in the business continuing as a going concern.

HMV hit the wall last week after suffering dismal Christmas sales, putting more than 4,000 jobs at risk at its 223 stores.

Entertainment giants including Universal Music, Warner Music and Sony are planning to offer potential buyers for HMV generous credit terms and cut the price of CDs and DVDs to help keep the chain's presence on the high street, it was reported at the weekend.

Fears that consumers would lose out on gift vouchers and cards last week prompted experts to call for an urgent change in the rules.

Richard Lloyd, executive director of consumer watchdog Which?, said it was "outrageous" that consumers were left out of pocket when retailers refused to honour gift vouchers.

Dean Dunham, the founder of youandyourrights.co.uk, also called for change.

He said: "A gift voucher should be as good as a banker's draft. You should be guaranteed that you'll either be able to redeem it or get your money back."


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